Thinking traps

Sources

• NOTE: almost every example in this module is invented to illustrate a named fallacy, so its sources are mostly the taxonomy the names come from. Two screens do rest on real-world facts; those are cited separately below.
• Aristotle, Sophistical Refutations — the original catalogue of fallacious arguments
• Hans Hansen, "Fallacies," Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2015, revised August 2024) — https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/fallacies/
• Bradley Dowden, "Fallacies," Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy — https://iep.utm.edu/fallacy/ — the source the definitions track most closely, including the correctly qualified appeal to authority
• Copi, Cohen & Rodych, Introduction to Logic — the standard textbook taxonomy
• Purdue OWL and the UNC Writing Center — the teaching-level definitions used for the Grade-4 wording
• CDC, Drowning Data and Research — https://www.cdc.gov/drowning/data-research/index.html — backs the summer drowning rise used in the ice cream screen. About 45% of US drowning deaths fall in June-August, July the peak month.